Abnormal Finding
- Lips
- Cyanosis (Central and peripheral)
- Pallor (Anemia)
- Fissuring of angles of mouth: Angular stomatitis (Riboflavin def)
- Blisters (Herpes simplex)
- Ulcer (Chancre, cancer, herpes simplex, Behcet's disease, neutropenic)
- Edema (Angioneurotic edema)
- Pigmentation (Peutz-jeghers syndrome)
- Telangiectasia: (Hereditary hemorrhagic telengiectasia)
- Defects: (Cleft lip)
- Teeth
- Overbite
- Under bite
- Chalky white deposit in the enamel surface (Caries)
- Notched (Hutchinson's teeth, Recurrent trauma)
- Dentures
- Gums
- Hypertrophy (Dilantin, pregnancy, leukemia).
- Swelling, redness and easy bleeding (Gingivitis)
- Pigmentation (Melanin, bismuth poisoning)
- Tongue
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Enlarged with indentation (Acromegaly, amyloid)
- Coating
- Persistent ulcer or nodule (Cancer)
- Depapillated smooth tongue (Vitamin def, iron def)
- Fissures (Scrotal tongue)
- Thickened white patch (Leukoplakia)
- Purplish round swellings (Varicose veins)
- Elongated black papillae (Hairy tongue)
- Scalloped: (Amyloidosis)
- Telengiectasia (Hereditary)
- Glossitis
- Atrophy and fasciculation and weakness: (12th cranial nerve palsy)
- Mucous membrane
- Dry Mouth (Sjogrens syndrome)
- Pallor: (Anemia)
- Cyanosis: (Central Cyanosis)
- Telangiectasia: (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome)
- Ulcers: (Aphthous ulcer, Cancer)
- White plaques : (Moniliasis)
- Hemorrhages: (Thrombocytopenia)
- Ranula
- Hard palate
- Pharynx
- Redness, swelling, pus : (Pharyngitis: Viral, Mono, Strep)
- Grayish exudate (Diphtheria)
- Enlarged Tonsils (Normal, Tonsillitis, Lymphoma)
- Unilateral red bulge and painful: (Peritonsillar abscess)
- Failure of soft palate to raise with "aah" and deviation to opposite side: (Paralysis of Vagus)